Defining the goal and scope

The first step is defining the goal of our study and identifying the target audience. In our brick example, we might concentrate on analyzing the overall environmental impact of extracting raw materials, manufacturing, transporting, and utilizing bricks in construction projects. By doing so, we aim to assist both manufacturers and consumers in making environmentally friendly purchasing decisions.

‍

Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)

During this phase, we focus on collecting data and quantifying input materials, such as raw materials and energy, as well as output materials, including emissions and waste. We take into account all stages of the product and service life cycle. For bricks, this entails gathering information on the extraction and processing of raw materials, energy consumption in manufacturing, and emissions from these processes.

‍

‍

‍

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)

During the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), emissions undergo categorization based on their environmental impact. Subsequently, these emissions are standardized for easy comparison, aiding in the comprehension of potential environmental effects. Prioritization can then occur based on the primary goals of the overall Life Cycle Assessment. In our example, data from the brick Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) stage is linked to specific environmental impacts, including energy consumption, air pollution, and waste generation.

‍

Life Cycle Interpretation phase

In the final stage of a Life Cycle Assessment, we review the gathered data to ensure alignment with our original objectives. Each step is carefully examined for completeness, consistency, and to ensure nothing has been overlooked. This data is then utilized to evaluate both positive and negative aspects, assess the quality of our information, and identify areas of improvement.

The central aim of this assessment approach is not simply to transfer challenges from one stage to another, but rather to minimize the total environmental negative output. Upon reviewing the findings of our brick example, the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), could indicate that raw material extraction and manufacturing are key contributors to the brick's environmental footprint. Consequently, we could provide manufacturers with specific recommendations focused on reducing these impacts through improved practices.